Crack across Canada: Comparing crack users and crack non-users in a Canadian multi-city cohort of illicit opioid users.
نویسندگان
چکیده
AIMS To examine possible differences between crack users and crack non-users across Canada. DESIGN Cohort study of illicit opioid and other drug users in five cities across Canada. SETTING Vancouver, Edmonton, Toronto, Montreal and Quebec City, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Regular illicit opioid and other street drug users not in treatment at time of assessment. MEASUREMENTS Participants (n = 677) were assessed at baseline (2002) by way of an interviewer-administered questionnaire, a psychiatric diagnostic instrument (Composite International Diagnostic Interview), and salivary antibody tests for infectious disease. FINDINGS Approximately half the sample had used crack in the past 30 days, although prevalence rates differed strongly between study sites. When examined by discriminant analysis, crack users in the study population were more likely to have: no permanent housing, have illegal and sex work income, indicate physical health problems and hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies, use walk-in clinics, use heroin and to have been arrested and in detention (in past year). They were less likely to report depressive symptoms, and use Dilaudid (hydromorphone) and alcohol. CONCLUSION These results illustrate crack users' pronounced social marginalization (as expressed by homelessness and high involvement in illegal activities) as well as extensive health problems compared to non-crack users in the Canadian context. The development of targeted interventions-addressing the dynamics of social marginalization-of this population is urgently needed.
منابع مشابه
Illicit opioid use and its key characteristics: a select overview and evidence from a Canadian multisite cohort of illicit opioid users (OPICAN).
OBJECTIVES To summarize key characteristics and consequences of illicit opioid use from the literature and to present corresponding data from a multisite sample of illicit opioid users in 5 Canadian cities (OPICAN study). METHOD We undertook an overview of recent literature from North America, Australia, and Europe. We obtained data from the multicity OPICAN cohort study, which consisted of a...
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متن کاملComparing injecting and non-injecting illicit opioid users in a multisite Canadian sample (OPICAN Cohort).
Illicit opioid use in Canada and elsewhere increasingly involves a variety of opioids and non-injection routes of administration. Injection and non-injection opioid users tend to differ in various key characteristics. From a public health perspective, non-injection routes of opioid use tend to be less harmful due to lesser morbidity and mortality risks. Our study compared current injectors (80%...
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Addiction
دوره 101 12 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2006